In Uganda, the encrypted messaging app Bitchat has surged to the top of app download charts as the government imposes an internet blackout during the presidential election period starting Thursday. This marks the third consecutive election cycle where Ugandan officials have resorted to cutting off internet access, a strategy they claim is necessary to curb the spread of online misinformation. Critics, however, contend that this tactic suppresses essential election-related information and may influence the electoral process.
The internet shutdown was implemented on Tuesday evening, as confirmed by Uganda Communications Commission's executive director, Nyombi Thembo, in a statement. Despite the blackout, Bitchat, which functions without internet via Bluetooth mesh networks, has become the most popular app on both the Apple App Store and Google Play in Uganda. Virtual Private Network (VPN) apps are also among the top downloads, indicating a strong demand for alternative communication methods as the election approaches.
Interestingly, Thembo had assured last week that the internet would remain active, questioning the need for Bitchat if internet services were available. He also mentioned having the capability to disable Bitchat, although no action has been taken against the app yet. Recent data suggests that over 400,000 Ugandans have downloaded Bitchat, and this number is expected to have increased substantially.
Uganda's history of internet shutdowns during elections is not new. In 2016, President Yoweri Museveni enforced a nationwide block on internet and social media access, citing security concerns. A similar scenario unfolded in 2021 with a four-day blackout commencing on election night.
Bitchat's utility extends beyond Uganda, proving vital in regions where internet disruptions occur due to governmental actions or natural disasters. For example, in September, approximately 50,000 users in Nepal adopted the app to bypass a temporary social media ban during corruption protests. Similarly, the app gained traction in Madagascar following a similar situation three weeks later.
In November, Jamaicans turned to Bitchat when Hurricane Melissa hit, disrupting traditional communication channels with its 185-mile-per-hour winds.
Bitchat's growing global presence underscores its importance as a communication tool in times of crisis, providing an alternative when traditional internet services are compromised.